A study by the Istanbul-based Hrant Dink Foundation, has found that Jews and Armenians are the communities most often subjected to hateful writing in the media with 25 % in all cases,

Christians, in general, follow at 18%.

 The study evaluated   news reports published within the last five months of 2012 that used ethnically or religiously discriminatory and racist expressions along with homophobic and gender-based hate speech.

The study salso revealed that news including hate speech did not only target different religious or ethnic groups. Other groups singled out   included homosexuals (63%), transsexuals (32 %) and women (5%). 

According to the study, Istanbul is the province where hate speech is the most common.